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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-2.4%
€51.33
vs €52.60 price
Levered DCF
€76.18
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.12
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E19.03×15.31×16.27×18.12×24.08×17.35×16.73×13.53×
P/B2.5×2.13×2.08×2.58×3.6×2.24×2.39×2.23×
P/S1.21×1.07×1.02×1.26×1.76×1.06×1.06×0.92×
EV / EBITDA11.75×9.63×9.64×10.69×13.84×9.22×9.62×8.69×
Gross margin10.0%11.5%9.7%12.8%11.3%10.5%12.7%11.7%
Operating margin8.8%8.5%7.9%9.8%10.1%9.1%9.5%9.9%
Net margin6.3%7.0%6.3%6.9%7.3%6.1%6.3%6.8%
Current ratio1.44×1.74×1.72×1.63×1.56×1.43×1.3×1.32×
Debt / equity0.22×0.08×0.09×0.07×0.08×0.13×0.2×0.12×
Interest coverage33.24×52.37×54.9×104.78×95.79×65.71×54.97×86.67×
Dividend yield2.5%2.7%2.9%2.6%1.1%1.7%2.0%1.8%
Payout ratio47.0%41.4%47.6%46.9%25.7%30.3%33.0%24.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.1%13.8%12.8%14.2%15.0%12.9%14.3%16.5%
Return on invested capital10.9%11.8%11.1%13.2%13.4%11.2%11.7%14.5%
Return on assets6.7%8.0%7.3%8.0%8.3%6.8%7.1%8.4%
Free cash flow yield5.7%9.2%7.3%4.8%5.4%10.2%7.5%4.1%
Earnings yield5.3%6.5%6.1%5.5%4.2%5.8%6.0%7.4%
Enterprise value€708.5M€514.5M€513.6M€617.1M€767.7M€428.1M€453.6M€369M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.29×-1.19×-0.57×-0.5×-1.07×-0.54×0.27×-0×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1128980100951019697