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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+233.7%
€125.46
vs €37.60 price
Levered DCF
€115.91
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.82
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E8.9×8.46×12.98×7.51×7.21×7.09×8.61×5.64×
P/B0.96×0.85×1.1×1.03×1.66×1.25×1.5×1.27×
P/S0.56×0.5×0.65×0.59×0.94×0.72×0.8×0.66×
EV / EBITDA6.64×6.28×7.08×5.37×5.17×4.4×5.29×4.98×
Gross margin12.6%20.9%23.3%14.2%16.2%16.6%16.5%27.2%
Operating margin10.3%10.0%8.9%9.0%11.0%11.5%11.6%18.1%
Net margin6.3%5.9%5.0%7.9%13.1%10.1%9.3%11.7%
Current ratio2.09×1.89×1.69×1.97×2.09×2.17×1.86×1.91×
Debt / equity0.86×0.84×1×0.97×0.52×0.48×0.62×0.74×
Interest coverage6.68×3.51×3.63×6.95×17.29×11.92×7.8×22.15×
Dividend yield2.0%3.5%3.1%5.2%3.5%5.7%5.3%7.2%
Payout ratio17.8%29.9%40.8%39.2%25.3%40.1%45.6%40.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.7%10.0%8.5%13.7%23.0%17.6%17.5%22.4%
Return on invested capital6.1%6.0%4.8%5.3%9.6%9.1%9.4%14.6%
Return on assets3.9%3.7%2.9%4.8%9.7%7.9%7.3%8.2%
Free cash flow yield-1.2%10.5%8.2%5.0%16.2%20.5%24.7%5.3%
Earnings yield11.2%11.8%7.7%13.3%13.9%14.1%11.6%17.7%
Enterprise value€1.2B€1B€1.2B€1.1B€1.2B€710.8M€847.4M€768M
Net debt / EBITDA2.04×1.95×2.11×1.64×0.06×0.01×0.57×1.37×
Cash conversion cycle (days)324340341294239232281403