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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+142.3%
€153.35
vs €63.30 price
Levered DCF
€145.62
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.7
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.64×12.51×11.86×14.15×6.74×22.24×15.86×23.46×
P/B1.27×1.48×1.45×1.51×1.23×1.43×1.74×2.48×
P/S1.01×1.21×1.19×1.26×1.16×1.28×1.43×2.08×
EV / EBITDA7.27×5.96×5.36×6.26×3.11×7.03×7.2×10.61×
Gross margin48.8%50.2%50.7%48.3%50.8%48.1%50.1%52.0%
Operating margin12.8%13.2%14.3%13.6%24.7%11.4%13.0%13.3%
Net margin4.1%9.7%10.0%8.9%17.2%5.8%9.0%8.9%
Current ratio2.42×2.21×2.54×2.48×2.52×2.39×2.54×2.71×
Debt / equity0.19×0.19×0.08×0.06×0.06×0.08×0.06×0.03×
Interest coverage16.09×23.28×30.29×35.32×120.99×40.75×50.95×61.15×
Dividend yield6.0%6.7%4.1%3.4%3.8%5.3%5.6%3.9%
Payout ratio147.7%83.9%48.7%47.7%25.8%117.6%88.2%91.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity5.2%11.8%12.3%10.6%18.2%6.4%11.0%10.6%
Return on invested capital7.6%8.9%10.8%10.1%15.8%6.2%9.3%8.8%
Return on assets3.3%7.5%8.6%7.4%12.6%4.3%7.4%7.3%
Free cash flow yield10.5%10.2%9.6%7.7%10.1%13.2%7.6%4.4%
Earnings yield4.1%8.0%8.4%7.1%14.8%4.5%6.3%4.3%
Enterprise value€2B€2.5B€2.4B€2.5B€1.8B€1.9B€2.7B€4B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.53×-0.29×-0.7×-0.74×-0.65×-0.54×-0.27×-0.28×
Cash conversion cycle (days)193211200196216213230232