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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+164.8%
€72.57
vs €27.40 price
Levered DCF
€69.76
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
11.44
Safe zone
Rating
S-
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.72×10.83×11.26×8.73×7.92×13.93×12.21×14.38×
P/B2.38×2.47×2.57×1.53×1.29×1.59×1.85×2.02×
P/S3.04×3.02×3.16×2.29×2.06×2.79×2.75×2.89×
EV / EBITDA7.9×7.15×7.4×5.41×4.52×8.75×59.47×8.4×
Gross margin51.2%55.6%55.8%55.9%55.7%51.8%51.4%52.2%
Operating margin30.1%33.4%32.7%32.5%32.9%25.3%28.8%26.2%
Net margin26.0%27.8%28.0%26.2%26.0%20.0%20.6%20.1%
Current ratio4.83×4.32×4.06×6.2×6.43×7.16×6.07×7.57×
Debt / equity0.04×0.05×0.06×0.2×0.22×0.25×0×0.17×
Interest coverage52.58×54.72×32.98×28.2×26.8×17.63×24.68×36.43×
Dividend yield3.5%6.3%11.7%7.2%6.1%6.3%2.9%2.4%
Payout ratio41.1%68.0%132.3%63.2%48.4%88.0%39.2%34.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity20.3%22.7%22.8%17.5%16.3%11.4%13.9%14.0%
Return on invested capital18.0%20.7%20.3%14.8%13.8%9.4%12.5%11.8%
Return on assets17.1%18.8%18.7%13.1%12.0%8.3%9.7%10.8%
Free cash flow yield6.9%6.7%6.9%5.6%17.0%8.1%5.1%3.2%
Earnings yield8.5%9.2%8.9%11.4%12.6%7.2%7.5%6.9%
Enterprise value€3.3B€3.1B€3.1B€1.9B€1.4B€1.9B€1.9B€2B
Net debt / EBITDA-1.14×-0.85×-0.87×-0.91×-1.02×-0.35×-10.05×-1.27×
Cash conversion cycle (days)209206194241185289-10319