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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+79.3%
€119.54
vs €66.68 price
Levered DCF
€130.73
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.12
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E27.13×20.74×43.15×33.26×18.57×17.98×25.05×16.94×
P/B2.92×2.35×2.33×1.76×2.04×2.15×2.78×2.42×
P/S1.81×1.53×1.36×1.14×1.45×1.48×1.89×1.6×
EV / EBITDA14.24×11.67×9.97×8.5×11.05×10.53×12.21×12.39×
Gross margin50.6%49.7%47.4%46.1%47.4%48.1%49.1%48.4%
Operating margin10.8%12.3%7.4%7.7%9.3%11.8%12.8%11.1%
Net margin6.7%7.4%3.2%3.5%7.9%8.3%7.6%9.5%
Current ratio0.9×0.93×0.93×1×1.09×1.03×0.9×1.04×
Debt / equity0.89×0.8×0.96×0.79×0.94×0.99×0.98×1.06×
Interest coverage5.9×4.1×2.69×4.15×5.03×5.44×5.51×6.97×
Dividend yield2.8%3.2%3.4%3.9%3.6%3.9%2.6%1.1%
Payout ratio75.6%66.7%145.2%129.1%65.5%69.7%65.1%18.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.8%11.4%5.4%5.4%11.1%12.1%11.2%14.4%
Return on invested capital5.9%6.5%3.2%3.3%4.6%5.6%6.1%5.7%
Return on assets4.0%4.5%2.0%2.1%4.2%4.6%4.3%5.3%
Free cash flow yield5.5%6.9%6.9%6.6%6.9%5.7%5.2%5.5%
Earnings yield3.7%4.8%2.3%3.0%5.5%5.6%4.0%5.9%
Enterprise value€62.5B€54.6B€50.9B€44.6B€50.8B€50.4B€64.1B€56B
Net debt / EBITDA2.99×2.72×2.59×2.5×3.38×3.23×3.09×3.64×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-43-37-23-13-15-7-15-14