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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-45.2%
€42.20
vs €77.00 price
Levered DCF
€45.34
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
10.15
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.62×16.46×15.31×16.07×22.65×16.68×18.46×15×
P/B4.97×3.19×3.04×2.73×3.25×1.93×2.5×2.23×
P/S4.75×3.04×2.81×2.58×3.43×2.29×2.73×2.36×
EV / EBITDA15.7×10.46×9.15×9.43×12.04×8.49×10.64×9.34×
Gross margin34.9%56.0%55.9%52.9%54.7%57.6%54.1%53.9%
Operating margin23.4%22.9%24.2%21.4%20.4%18.3%18.5%19.7%
Net margin19.1%18.5%18.3%16.0%15.1%13.8%14.8%15.7%
Current ratio2.92×3.58×4.24×3.11×2.6×2.5×3.06×2.91×
Debt / equity0.09×0.05×0.03×0.08×0.15×0.18×0.1×0.06×
Interest coverage95.61×69.75×118.08×152.04×127.09×88.42×81.14×137×
Dividend yield2.7%4.3%3.8%3.9%2.6%4.8%3.8%3.9%
Payout ratio67.8%71.0%57.5%63.0%59.5%79.3%69.4%58.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity20.0%19.4%19.8%17.0%14.4%11.6%13.5%14.9%
Return on invested capital17.4%18.0%18.7%15.2%12.1%9.7%12.0%13.4%
Return on assets15.5%15.7%16.4%13.2%10.6%8.6%10.7%11.7%
Free cash flow yield2.9%2.4%4.8%2.9%4.6%6.8%5.6%-0.9%
Earnings yield4.0%6.1%6.5%6.2%4.4%6.0%5.4%6.7%
Enterprise value€1.2B€698M€610.8M€514.4M€552.6M€307.2M€395.7M€333.6M
Net debt / EBITDA0.01×-0.03×-0.21×0.01×-0.45×-0.23×-0.15×-0.21×
Cash conversion cycle (days)210264269259253321266261