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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+152.7%
€53.58
vs €21.20 price
Levered DCF
€50.38
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.9
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E28.97×23.47×28.7×30.4×50.62×28.35×50.58×23.9×
P/B1.53×1.36×1.5×1.41×2.8×2.85×3.22×2.61×
P/S0.49×0.45×0.71×0.75×1.73×1.05×1.2×0.73×
EV / EBITDA9.18×6.89×8.83×7.06×12.97×12.82×13.29×8.79×
Gross margin7.1%39.9%37.2%33.5%32.8%28.5%28.5%27.8%
Operating margin1.6%2.8%3.7%3.8%5.9%3.9%5.9%4.7%
Net margin1.7%1.9%2.4%2.4%3.4%3.7%2.4%3.1%
Current ratio1.15×1.24×1.52×2×2.29×1.52×1.55×1.28×
Debt / equity0.38×0.34×0.29×0.2×0.16×0.19×0.14×0.12×
Interest coverage3.21×6.92×9.59×10.83×12.7×16.78×29.76×30.54×
Dividend yield3.8%4.5%3.3%3.6%1.3%1.1%0.9%1.7%
Payout ratio109.9%104.9%96.1%114.9%64.5%31.2%47.9%41.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity5.3%5.8%5.1%4.4%5.5%10.1%6.3%11.0%
Return on invested capital2.6%3.9%3.6%3.9%4.9%6.3%8.4%9.0%
Return on assets2.0%2.4%2.4%2.4%3.2%4.9%3.0%5.1%
Free cash flow yield14.7%21.8%6.7%-8.1%1.7%1.8%5.2%4.8%
Earnings yield3.4%4.3%3.4%3.1%2.0%3.5%2.0%4.2%
Enterprise value€841.7M€832.6M€1.1B€731.3M€1.8B€1.5B€1.6B€926.3M
Net debt / EBITDA0.07×0.41×-0.09×-2.42×-3.87×-1.85×-2.38×-0.83×
Cash conversion cycle (days)29-92420-12-17-23-12