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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-45.2%
€14.58
vs €26.60 price
Levered DCF
€20.15
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
6.58
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E37.77×33.11×35.43×37.41×53.81×54.79×39.59×28.65×
P/B5.83×4.77×6.66×11.4×17.15×12.02×9.7×7.53×
P/S4.42×3.58×3.85×4.26×6.24×5.78×4.19×3.13×
EV / EBITDA23.3×20.28×18.56×22.5×32.37×30.72×22.93×19.99×
Gross margin24.1%45.6%26.2%42.0%43.7%46.4%44.7%42.4%
Operating margin12.3%11.5%16.1%15.9%15.1%14.1%14.0%13.4%
Net margin11.7%10.8%10.9%11.3%11.5%10.6%10.6%10.8%
Current ratio1.7×1.88×1.69×1.63×1.62×1.92×1.77×1.66×
Debt / equity0.26×0.35×0.49×0.95×1.02×1.02×0.87×0.97×
Interest coverage9.6×6.1×9.68×29.22×29.72×26.24×25.17×47.99×
Dividend yield0.7%1.0%0.7%0.6%0.5%0.6%0.7%3.4%
Payout ratio25.2%34.1%25.4%24.1%24.4%34.1%28.5%97.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity15.4%14.4%18.8%30.2%31.7%22.0%24.5%26.0%
Return on invested capital8.6%7.3%11.5%13.2%12.7%10.8%12.5%12.3%
Return on assets8.5%7.4%7.7%9.7%9.7%8.5%10.0%9.7%
Free cash flow yield3.9%3.1%3.0%1.8%1.3%2.3%1.9%1.0%
Earnings yield2.6%3.0%2.8%2.7%1.8%1.8%2.5%3.5%
Enterprise value€2.8B€2.1B€2.5B€2.4B€2.7B€2B€1.4B€947M
Net debt / EBITDA0.03×0.5×0.23×0.91×0.68×0.88×0.98×1.25×
Cash conversion cycle (days)7398104103918187108