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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+369.3%
€59.51
vs €12.68 price
Levered DCF
€23.49
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.91
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E7.89×6.28×7.38×6.24×6.98×18.67×11.97×12.89×
P/B1.05×0.92×1.1×0.91×1.75×2.08×2.61×1.01×
P/S9.17×7.81×10.11×8.13×17.6×12.61×15.57×16.79×
EV / EBITDA10.24×8.85×28.49×9.59×8.03×14.96×34.06×22.96×
Gross margin78.3%78.3%82.2%78.9%81.9%81.2%81.6%86.0%
Operating margin67.7%65.7%73.3%181.0%324.6%108.0%67.9%70.5%
Net margin111.5%124.2%136.9%130.1%251.8%67.6%129.8%130.2%
Current ratio1.48×1.14×2.11×1.2×3.63×127.28×0.4×0.32×
Debt / equity1.1×1.11×1.14×1.11×1.1×0.46×1.49×0×
Interest coverage2.01×2.31×3.78×13.16×23.06×6.42×0×0×
Dividend yield0.9%2.2%2.4%2.6%0.1%0.0%0.0%4.2%
Payout ratio7.7%14.0%17.8%16.2%0.5%0.0%0.0%53.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.8%14.7%15.0%14.5%25.0%11.1%21.8%7.9%
Return on invested capital2.6%2.7%2.6%7.1%11.3%10.1%9.0%3.9%
Return on assets5.4%6.2%6.2%6.1%10.6%7.6%21.8%239.0%
Free cash flow yield3.2%4.5%3.8%5.4%1.7%3.9%2.6%2.8%
Earnings yield12.2%15.9%13.5%16.0%14.3%5.4%8.3%7.8%
Enterprise value€17.5B€14.1B€13.1B€10B€10.8B€5.4B€7.3B€4.7B
Net debt / EBITDA5.03×4.58×13.72×5×2.69×2.02×12.18×-0.16×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-605-485-1,011-993-1,131-843-1,043-44,421