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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+76.3%
€294.69
vs €167.20 price
Levered DCF
€387.41
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
0.97
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.19×12.11×17.33×27.87×4.16×9.45×21.26×3.06×
P/B1.49×1.65×1.48×1.79×1.68×1.81×1.85×0.34×
P/S0.85×0.85×0.86×1.18×1.06×1.21×1.01×0.18×
EV / EBITDA4.45×4.48×5.74×7.89×7×9.38×7.97×2.34×
Gross margin10.6%34.5%34.9%4.8%37.1%32.6%33.1%32.0%
Operating margin9.4%8.6%7.3%5.8%5.7%2.9%4.8%7.0%
Net margin8.3%7.0%5.0%4.2%4.6%2.3%4.8%5.9%
Current ratio0.93×0.92×0.84×0.9×0.81×0.8×0.86×0.69×
Debt / equity0.52×0.36×0.47×0.59×0.58×0.76×0.82×0.6×
Interest coverage15.56×13.66×8.97×10.41×20.71×5.21×10.68×11.78×
Dividend yield2.7%1.5%1.3%1.3%0.8%0.0%2.1%11.5%
Payout ratio27.7%18.4%23.3%36.2%17.8%0.0%44.0%35.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.7%13.6%8.5%6.4%7.3%3.4%8.7%11.1%
Return on invested capital8.0%8.4%6.1%4.0%4.4%2.1%3.8%6.5%
Return on assets5.6%5.3%3.4%2.5%2.8%1.3%3.2%4.1%
Free cash flow yield6.1%22.7%1.9%-1.5%5.2%6.7%-1.7%-45.9%
Earnings yield9.8%8.3%5.8%3.6%4.3%1.9%4.7%32.6%
Enterprise value€3.9B€3.4B€3.3B€3.7B€3.1B€3.1B€3.4B€1B
Net debt / EBITDA0.44×-0.12×0.88×1.12×0.9×1.46×1.68×1.26×
Cash conversion cycle (days)26-39-206-85-91-74-68