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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+33.5%
€106.82
vs €80.00 price
Levered DCF
€92.93
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.62
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.86×29.54×32.49×31.27×30.78×37.55×35.95×24.98×
P/B2.42×3.09×3.38×4.96×7×9.76×7.44×5.61×
P/S3.21×4.69×4.53×5.53×7.73×10.57×8.94×5.91×
EV / EBITDA10.32×15.62×16.63×16.82×20.42×23.35×22.14×15.12×
Gross margin58.6%65.9%64.6%66.2%66.6%68.4%69.2%68.1%
Operating margin25.5%21.8%18.8%25.8%33.9%36.8%30.8%30.6%
Net margin13.0%15.9%13.9%17.7%25.1%28.1%24.9%23.6%
Current ratio1.47×3.51×3.07×3.1×3.21×4.46×4.33×3×
Debt / equity0.5×0.56×0.78×0.89×1.02×0.04×0.03×0.03×
Interest coverage12.44×9.37×7.37×10.2×19.23×95.92×52.98×44.89×
Dividend yield1.7%1.1%1.1%0.8%0.6%0.6%0.8%3.7%
Payout ratio40.8%32.6%36.9%23.7%17.6%21.0%28.0%91.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.8%10.4%10.4%15.9%22.8%26.0%20.7%22.4%
Return on invested capital8.2%6.5%5.7%8.1%10.7%23.0%18.7%20.1%
Return on assets5.4%5.7%5.0%7.1%9.6%19.9%16.5%17.5%
Free cash flow yield5.3%4.3%5.1%3.7%3.0%2.5%2.8%4.0%
Earnings yield4.1%3.4%3.1%3.2%3.3%2.7%2.8%4.0%
Enterprise value€4.5B€6.2B€6.1B€8.6B€10.6B€9B€6.2B€3.9B
Net debt / EBITDA1.44×1.68×2.48×2.16×1.93×-0.79×-0.46×-0.2×
Cash conversion cycle (days)228281256219253233262248