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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-89.3%
€23.43
vs €219.00 price
Levered DCF
€20.94
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
4.75
Safe zone
Rating
B-
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E76.92×104.25×71.28×31.81×107.2×80×58.15×38.65×
P/B5×4.58×8.37×11.38×26.85×18.38×11.75×7.77×
P/S6.89×6.57×7.95×7.98×15.4×14.05×9.45×6.64×
EV / EBITDA26.07×30.5×33.93×21.72×55.26×48.08×34.7×22.71×
Gross margin45.3%43.4%44.4%52.0%53.8%52.5%51.9%51.9%
Operating margin18.5%13.3%17.5%31.5%31.6%24.7%23.0%24.8%
Net margin9.0%6.3%11.2%25.1%14.4%17.6%16.3%17.2%
Current ratio1.02×1.85×1.51×1.61×1.4×1.54×1.48×1.45×
Debt / equity0.64×0.72×1.4×0.46×0.38×0.4×0.12×0.14×
Interest coverage3.6×2.33×4×26.86×38.54×12.51×16.64×20.55×
Dividend yield0.3%0.4%0.6%0.4%0.1%0.1%0.4%0.5%
Payout ratio25.3%38.3%42.8%13.3%15.1%9.3%22.4%20.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.5%4.4%11.7%35.8%25.0%23.0%20.2%20.1%
Return on invested capital5.4%4.1%5.5%21.1%19.8%14.0%17.1%17.3%
Return on assets3.3%2.1%4.0%17.3%10.5%10.9%12.9%13.2%
Free cash flow yield0.7%2.6%0.7%0.7%0.8%1.0%1.3%0.6%
Earnings yield1.3%1.0%1.4%3.1%0.9%1.3%1.7%2.6%
Enterprise value€22.6B€20.5B€25.6B€28.9B€44.9B€27.4B€13.7B€8.2B
Net debt / EBITDA2.51×3.27×4.72×0.77×0.49×0.93×0.27×0.35×
Cash conversion cycle (days)12112218621419017017361