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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+126.8%
€40.32
vs €17.78 price
Levered DCF
€49.71
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.03
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.16×11.76×12.72×18.56×16.71×17.7×23.52×18.96×
P/B1.23×1.05×1.09×1.04×1.24×1.51×1.31×1.24×
P/S0.94×0.78×0.77×0.76×1.07×1.2×1.06×1.01×
EV / EBITDA6.86×6.38×6.86×9.55×9.8×14.16×13.37×10.58×
Gross margin31.2%45.5%43.1%43.0%44.8%44.3%45.8%45.5%
Operating margin10.1%9.8%9.0%6.8%8.4%8.5%7.6%8.2%
Net margin7.1%6.6%6.1%4.1%9.8%7.9%5.0%5.4%
Current ratio1.66×1.46×1.36×1.92×1.88×1.13×1.55×1.55×
Debt / equity0.23×0.22×0.29×0.34×0.4×0.5×0.48×0.33×
Interest coverage4.22×4.8×17.2×23.16×31.78×17.68×17.8×18.43×
Dividend yield3.7%5.1%4.1%4.3%7.2%13.6%3.3%3.6%
Payout ratio49.4%59.7%52.1%79.1%77.8%206.5%69.5%67.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.3%8.9%8.6%5.6%11.4%10.0%6.3%6.5%
Return on invested capital6.9%7.2%6.5%4.6%4.5%4.4%3.7%4.5%
Return on assets5.4%5.2%4.8%3.1%6.1%4.8%3.2%3.7%
Free cash flow yield5.2%5.7%14.1%4.6%-3.9%8.7%3.4%0.1%
Earnings yield7.6%8.5%7.8%5.4%9.2%6.6%4.8%5.3%
Enterprise value€3.1B€2.7B€2.7B€2.8B€2.9B€3.7B€3.8B€3.2B
Net debt / EBITDA0.52×0.62×0.78×1.87×1.04×2.93×2.93×1.77×
Cash conversion cycle (days)136145141188169109124105