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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+197.3%
€71.16
vs €23.94 price
Levered DCF
€107.27
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
0.29
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E8.67×15.34×50.6×32.83×32.2×47.85×35.46×30.01×
P/B-4.89×-8.58×-19.86×-17.64×-10.55×-9.22×-9.3×-4.86×
P/S1.65×2.73×5.83×6.52×6.35×7.97×7.07×5.72×
EV / EBITDA6.29×9.11×18.92×16.12×15.31×18.75×17.81×17.22×
Gross margin52.4%59.9%41.2%54.2%52.0%49.9%51.7%41.2%
Operating margin31.6%36.4%30.5%31.0%31.3%29.3%32.2%31.0%
Net margin19.1%17.8%11.6%19.9%19.8%16.7%19.9%19.1%
Current ratio0.84×0.85×0.92×0.99×0.98×0.94×0.86×0.9×
Debt / equity-5.02×-5×-6.18×-4.23×-3.66×-2.68×-2.47×-1.61×
Interest coverage3.96×15.07×4.77×6.34×6.28×5.15×6.16×5.89×
Dividend yield6.4%3.5%1.8%1.8%0.6%0.5%0.6%1.8%
Payout ratio55.5%53.5%93.3%58.0%19.2%25.2%19.9%53.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity-56.5%-55.8%-39.3%-53.8%-32.8%-19.3%-26.2%-16.3%
Return on invested capital13.9%16.7%9.8%14.4%12.0%11.6%14.8%24.1%
Return on assets3.8%3.8%2.0%3.5%3.0%2.5%3.5%3.5%
Free cash flow yield20.0%10.4%6.4%4.6%2.7%12.2%6.8%5.7%
Earnings yield11.6%6.5%2.0%3.0%3.1%2.1%2.8%3.3%
Enterprise value€7.3B€10.7B€16.3B€12.1B€9.6B€10.9B€11.2B€8.8B
Net debt / EBITDA2.38×2.47×3.3×-0.75×-0.7×-0.7×0.13×2.3×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-52-15114199254189433424