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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+146.6%
€16.77
vs €6.80 price
Levered DCF
€19.98
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
7.83
Safe zone
Rating
S
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E5.71×14.29×9.26×19.04×10.71×11.07×15.56×22.67×
P/B0.83×0.86×0.86×0.84×1.04×1.25×0.83×0.67×
P/S1.11×1.16×1.29×1.07×1.65×0.66×0.5×0.46×
EV / EBITDA3.21×4.82×5.77×7.83×8.47×5.08×5.38×7.26×
Gross margin31.5%31.0%29.8%14.5%23.7%28.7%29.3%37.2%
Operating margin22.8%21.1%19.3%8.8%17.9%7.7%2.6%1.7%
Net margin19.5%8.2%13.8%5.7%15.4%5.9%3.2%2.0%
Current ratio8.33×9.08×9.53×4.76×4.2×1.53×1.57×1.62×
Debt / equity0.01×0.01×0.01×0.02×0.49×0.5×0.41×0.06×
Interest coverage111.89×87.6×91.89×54.43×182.08×6.54×2.77×0×
Dividend yield7.6%8.0%8.0%6.3%5.0%3.7%6.0%7.4%
Payout ratio43.4%114.1%74.5%118.2%53.7%41.0%93.1%165.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.6%6.0%9.2%4.5%9.7%11.3%5.3%3.0%
Return on invested capital12.9%10.4%8.6%4.6%6.9%6.2%1.2%1.0%
Return on assets12.9%5.4%8.0%3.6%7.7%5.1%2.5%1.6%
Free cash flow yield28.3%1.8%11.9%-0.6%12.1%6.3%19.3%6.9%
Earnings yield17.5%7.0%10.7%5.3%9.3%9.0%6.4%4.5%
Enterprise value€12.8M€14.9M€15.8M€13.8M€25.6M€26.3M€18.9M€10.9M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.15×-0.51×-0.26×-1.09×1.89×0.77×1.42×-0.21×
Cash conversion cycle (days)167123121206-1989683