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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-2.5%
€3.42
vs €3.51 price
Levered DCF
€9.69
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.53
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.43×6.86×24.37×3.86×6.17×22.55×15.82×6.83×
P/B1.3×0.7×0.74×0.63×0.88×0.83×0.87×0.6×
P/S0.39×0.21×0.21×0.16×0.24×0.31×0.32×0.2×
EV / EBITDA8.69×5.47×8.44×4.94×6.34×10.21×8.73×5.84×
Gross margin7.9%8.2%6.5%9.8%8.1%6.7%7.1%7.9%
Operating margin4.5%4.8%3.1%6.9%5.1%2.9%3.9%5.1%
Net margin2.9%3.0%0.9%4.3%3.9%1.4%2.0%3.0%
Current ratio1.48×1.68×1.9×1.97×1.71×1.52×1.67×1.68×
Debt / equity0.61×0.71×0.91×1.03×1.11×0.85×0.82×0.81×
Interest coverage4.08×3.11×1.9×6.79×4.7×2.34×3.12×3.31×
Dividend yield2.4%2.1%3.2%1.9%1.4%1.8%1.7%0.0%
Payout ratio32.7%14.5%79.0%7.1%8.4%39.8%27.3%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.6%10.1%3.0%16.5%14.2%3.7%5.5%8.9%
Return on invested capital7.6%7.6%4.1%10.0%7.1%3.0%3.9%6.5%
Return on assets4.0%4.2%1.2%6.3%5.0%1.5%2.4%3.8%
Free cash flow yield5.8%27.2%25.1%-20.9%-17.9%-4.6%1.6%0.3%
Earnings yield7.3%14.3%4.1%26.2%16.1%4.4%6.3%14.7%
Enterprise value€2B€1.4B€1.5B€1.6B€1.5B€1.3B€1.2B€977.2M
Net debt / EBITDA2.61×2.58×4.55×3.02×3.37×5.05×4.05×3.25×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5961708377788298