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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-16.1%
€14.30
vs €17.04 price
Levered DCF
€8.35
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.68
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.67×37.8×4.67×2.61×5.65×-4.15×16.55×10.7×
P/B0.96×0.85×0.77×0.87×0.92×0.92×1.18×0.97×
P/S0.22×0.18×0.17×0.16×0.21×0.29×0.3×0.23×
EV / EBITDA6.77×5.53×3.89×2.58×5.94×-15.64×7.59×5.25×
Gross margin9.8%8.4%10.4%13.4%9.5%-0.6%9.0%10.2%
Operating margin3.4%3.7%5.8%9.7%4.3%-8.7%3.8%5.1%
Net margin1.5%0.5%3.7%6.1%3.7%-6.8%1.8%2.2%
Current ratio1.41×1.33×1.05×0.95×0.95×1.07×1.16×1.21×
Debt / equity1.22×0.97×0.96×1.15×1.55×1.72×1.25×1.17×
Interest coverage2.84×3.34×5.16×12.02×3.59×-4.15×2.18×3.32×
Dividend yield9.0%11.9%10.3%10.6%1.6%9.2%5.7%6.6%
Payout ratio132.6%459.5%47.9%27.5%9.0%-38.6%95.3%70.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.5%2.2%16.6%33.4%16.3%-22.2%7.1%9.1%
Return on invested capital4.2%1.6%9.6%14.3%5.9%-6.5%4.8%5.2%
Return on assets2.0%0.8%5.9%10.4%4.3%-5.8%2.3%3.0%
Free cash flow yield-0.4%11.5%26.5%4.8%-6.9%9.7%9.1%15.3%
Earnings yield6.8%2.6%21.5%38.3%17.8%-24.0%6.0%9.4%
Enterprise value€5B€4.3B€4.1B€4.5B€4B€3.5B€4.4B€3.7B
Net debt / EBITDA3.29×2.58×1.76×1.24×3.14×-8.32×2.99×2.06×
Cash conversion cycle (days)3127353714-22423