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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+64.5%
€26.06
vs €15.84 price
Levered DCF
€20.32
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.84
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E27.82×34.27×26.32×29.72×30.56×41.48×38.41×44.29×
P/B1.44×1.57×1.64×1.74×2.51×2.56×2.43×1.51×
P/S2.48×2.75×2.97×3.07×4.85×5.33×5.18×4.95×
EV / EBITDA10.03×12.08×11.83×15.53×16.05×19.46×18.77×23.38×
Gross margin49.8%64.6%60.8%67.7%67.7%66.9%58.3%55.7%
Operating margin21.7%16.3%19.5%20.9%21.6%18.4%19.0%17.0%
Net margin8.9%8.1%11.3%10.4%15.8%12.9%13.5%11.1%
Current ratio1.18×1.15×1.27×1.44×1.43×1.32×1.27×2.23×
Debt / equity0.59×0.59×0.55×0.52×0.53×0.54×0.54×0.53×
Interest coverage4.69×3.06×4.14×11.55×14.72×11.62×10.17×7.79×
Dividend yield6.3%5.7%5.2%4.7%2.9%2.8%3.0%3.0%
Payout ratio173.9%195.0%136.9%138.6%88.3%117.3%115.6%131.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity5.2%4.6%6.2%5.9%8.2%6.2%6.3%3.4%
Return on invested capital6.0%4.4%5.3%5.9%5.5%4.2%4.5%2.4%
Return on assets2.9%2.6%3.6%3.5%4.8%3.5%3.6%2.0%
Free cash flow yield9.2%5.6%5.6%6.1%3.5%3.7%3.9%2.8%
Earnings yield3.6%2.9%3.8%3.4%3.3%2.4%2.6%2.2%
Enterprise value€521.9M€556.8M€603.1M€646.2M€934.6M€949.6M€903.7M€623.2M
Net debt / EBITDA2.75×3.09×2.74×3.17×2.43×2.93×3.08×5.14×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-281114-1905-13330