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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+146.0%
€43.62
vs €17.73 price
Levered DCF
€37.04
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.75
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.19×-10.24×11.66×10.78×13.25×10.57×12.85×12.69×
P/B1.5×1.29×1.34×1.27×1.73×1.57×1.72×2.11×
P/S3.6×3.4×4.4×4.24×5.47×4.46×4.71×4.35×
EV / EBITDA10.92×54.03×8.58×8.05×10.65×9.43×9.42×10.15×
Gross margin37.6%93.4%93.8%94.6%95.0%95.1%95.8%96.2%
Operating margin23.4%47.3%50.3%50.0%59.8%58.3%57.0%53.4%
Net margin35.3%-33.1%37.7%39.3%41.4%42.1%36.7%34.2%
Current ratio1.07×1.45×1.04×1.13×1.3×2.09×2.97×2.8×
Debt / equity1.23×1.39×1.28×1.38×1.7×1.61×1.43×2.06×
Interest coverage3.19×3.58×3.93×5.03×6.06×5.71×4.9×4.46×
Dividend yield7.6%12.3%11.3%11.0%8.3%9.1%6.8%6.3%
Payout ratio77.1%-126.6%131.9%118.9%110.0%96.3%87.8%80.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.7%-12.6%11.5%11.7%13.1%14.8%13.4%16.6%
Return on invested capital3.1%6.0%4.8%4.0%5.1%5.8%6.1%5.9%
Return on assets5.0%-4.0%4.0%4.0%4.1%4.9%4.8%4.6%
Free cash flow yield2.7%11.6%10.3%15.7%9.6%11.7%13.2%13.4%
Earnings yield9.8%-9.7%8.6%9.3%7.6%9.4%7.8%7.9%
Enterprise value€5.6B€5.1B€7B€7.1B€9.1B€8.6B€8.8B€9.9B
Net debt / EBITDA4.12×21.41×3.66×3.46×4.44×4.31×3.62×4.4×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-157-2,932-3,226-3,910-2,330-1,404-985-794