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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+193.8%
€79.70
vs €27.13 price
Levered DCF
€76.05
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.06
Safe zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.48×18.51×19.52×24.25×36.15×54.61×32.06×30.06×
P/B2.68×2.9×4.18×5.92×8.88×11.72×7.14×6.72×
P/S2.86×3.1×4.17×5.25×7.31×9.77×5.74×5.15×
EV / EBITDA10.66×11.84×14.11×17.01×23.5×30.62×19.43×17.59×
Gross margin21.0%21.7%25.8%27.6%27.9%28.8%28.1%28.3%
Operating margin20.2%20.6%25.2%26.3%26.0%27.2%25.8%26.2%
Net margin16.6%16.7%21.4%21.6%20.3%17.9%17.9%17.1%
Current ratio1.44×1.21×1.22×1.4×1.3×1.36×1.35×1.65×
Debt / equity0.21×0.21×0.32×0.35×0.53×0.45×0.38×0.38×
Interest coverage43.82×40.58×82.82×82.81×85.34×81.7×98.67×132.37×
Dividend yield1.5%2.8%1.9%1.4%1.0%0.8%1.4%1.5%
Payout ratio26.4%51.9%36.7%34.1%36.5%44.1%44.9%44.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity15.6%15.7%21.5%24.4%24.6%21.4%22.3%22.3%
Return on invested capital11.1%11.3%15.0%18.4%15.6%14.3%14.2%16.3%
Return on assets9.0%9.1%11.9%13.2%11.9%10.4%11.0%11.4%
Free cash flow yield7.0%5.3%4.7%4.2%2.6%1.6%2.6%2.3%
Earnings yield5.8%5.4%5.1%4.1%2.8%1.8%3.1%3.3%
Enterprise value€696.1M€703.9M€968.3M€1.2B€1.5B€1.7B€938.1M€775.5M
Net debt / EBITDA0.3×0.55×0.74×0.63×0.79×0.55×0.57×0.24×
Cash conversion cycle (days)76929075726569-23