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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-128.6%
-€8.55
vs €29.90 price
Levered DCF
€18.38
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.72
Distress zone
Rating
A+
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.55×10.7×8.52×14.44×12.54×12.75×9.49×11.69×
P/B0.66×0.79×0.73×0.43×0.65×0.59×0.67×0.78×
P/S1.39×1.55×1.2×0.75×1.71×1.21×1.3×1.44×
EV / EBITDA6.36×6.75×5.36×7.82×9.74×7.07×6.62×8.24×
Gross margin13.7%41.2%38.5%26.8%35.6%42.3%39.5%41.3%
Operating margin8.6%13.1%14.0%8.2%16.1%13.0%18.3%19.0%
Net margin14.6%14.5%14.1%5.2%13.6%9.5%13.7%12.3%
Current ratio1.15×0.99×1.08×1×0.82×0.92×0.95×0.89×
Debt / equity0.21×0.19×0.25×0.23×0.17×0.29×0.25×0.3×
Interest coverage6×8.73×9.21×8.75×6.51×6.24×9.13×7.28×
Dividend yield3.8%4.0%2.1%3.1%2.1%3.5%2.9%2.8%
Payout ratio36.8%43.1%17.5%44.2%26.8%44.5%27.7%32.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.9%7.4%8.6%3.0%5.2%4.7%7.0%6.6%
Return on invested capital2.3%4.1%4.8%2.4%3.8%3.3%4.8%4.5%
Return on assets4.0%4.3%4.8%1.7%2.9%2.4%3.7%3.3%
Free cash flow yield0.6%8.2%5.6%-13.6%9.2%1.7%1.3%8.5%
Earnings yield10.5%9.3%11.7%6.9%8.0%7.9%10.5%8.6%
Enterprise value€5.4B€6.2B€6B€4.3B€5.1B€3.6B€3.7B€3.9B
Net debt / EBITDA1.44×1.22×1.31×2.34×1.88×2.02×1.46×1.95×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-827313225-22810