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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-29.6%
€3.39
vs €4.82 price
Levered DCF
€4.75
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.82
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E19.85×9.67×10.53×12.1×12.43×13.42×21.74×15.63×
P/B2.16×1.48×1.46×1.78×1.89×2.07×3.31×2.2×
P/S2.63×2.18×2.15×2.45×2.54×2.57×3.82×2.44×
EV / EBITDA18.65×7.95×7.79×8.56×8.67×8.97×15.23×10.58×
Gross margin37.4%66.1%65.9%64.3%63.3%63.1%63.6%62.9%
Operating margin11.9%21.7%18.0%18.1%16.9%16.1%22.1%19.1%
Net margin13.0%22.6%20.4%20.4%20.7%19.1%17.9%15.9%
Current ratio2.61×3.23×3.34×3.32×3.7×3.42×3.09×2.1×
Debt / equity0.55×0.01×0.04×0.05×0.03×0.03×0.04×0.15×
Interest coverage11.51×247.31×118.74×120.23×109.64×111.14×1,545.27×242.22×
Dividend yield3.5%4.5%1.5%1.7%1.4%1.2%0.8%1.0%
Payout ratio70.0%43.3%15.9%20.3%16.7%15.9%16.2%14.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.7%15.3%13.9%14.9%15.4%15.4%15.5%14.3%
Return on invested capital5.7%14.2%10.2%10.6%10.4%10.8%15.7%12.1%
Return on assets5.9%13.1%11.8%12.3%12.8%12.9%13.0%10.7%
Free cash flow yield3.9%7.1%-0.1%2.4%2.0%5.4%3.4%5.9%
Earnings yield5.0%10.3%9.5%8.3%8.1%7.4%4.7%6.5%
Enterprise value€1.9B€1B€957.3M€1B€960.5M€899.4M€1.3B€766.4M
Net debt / EBITDA2.87×-0.44×-0.09×-0.28×-0.49×-0.77×-0.44×-0.33×
Cash conversion cycle (days)197297305275275229198164