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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+20.7%
€25.30
vs €20.96 price
Levered DCF
€17.46
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.42
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.94×15.69×13.59×22.17×24.9×25.28×22.74×21.88×
P/B5.32×4.29×3.79×4.96×5.45×4.84×4.7×5.45×
P/S10.31×6.24×5.54×8.56×9.86×9.16×8.28×7.19×
EV / EBITDA13.87×9.43×7.37×13.05×15.75×12.19×13.67×14.55×
Gross margin99.6%92.6%93.7%98.2%99.2%98.8%97.9%98.0%
Operating margin71.0%57.1%58.2%54.7%51.8%51.8%48.9%48.0%
Net margin49.1%39.7%40.6%38.8%39.9%36.3%36.7%32.6%
Current ratio39.02×17.21×0.15×0.05×0.06×0.09×0.05×0.01×
Debt / equity0.65×0.34×0.4×0.29×0.33×0.04×0.05×0×
Interest coverage10.96×7.74×9.22×30.64×66.37×43.31×23.06×24.52×
Dividend yield3.6%4.4%3.9%2.7%3.7%0.3%3.1%3.5%
Payout ratio75.6%69.3%52.9%60.3%90.3%8.2%71.0%77.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity25.3%27.3%27.8%22.4%22.0%19.2%20.9%24.7%
Return on invested capital1.7%1.8%15.5%-9.7%-12.8%9.2%12.8%9.7%
Return on assets1.7%1.9%1.8%1.2%1.1%1.0%1.0%1.0%
Free cash flow yield7.0%1.3%13.5%2.7%-2.4%13.1%-18.5%0.8%
Earnings yield4.8%6.4%7.3%4.5%4.0%4.0%4.4%4.5%
Enterprise value€13.4B€9.1B€6.6B€8.2B€8.2B€5.9B€5.6B€5.3B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.22×-1.19×-1.87×-1.95×-2.33×-4.58×-2.32×-0.01×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-19178,299-55,611-120,814-108-65-64