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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+39.1%
€26.98
vs €19.40 price
Levered DCF
€29.46
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.46
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.9×32.22×31.42×17.08×26.67×41.9×281.11×-44.5×
P/B2.76×2.71×2.28×1.64×4.16×2.86×1.65×1.04×
P/S1.98×2.09×1.72×1.13×3.02×2.69×1.7×1.42×
EV / EBITDA11.95×13.46×12.51×9.45×15.69×15.63×15.65×36.47×
Gross margin31.8%58.4%54.9%52.7%54.2%54.5%22.8%48.2%
Operating margin14.0%12.2%11.3%12.5%17.2%12.2%5.4%-0.1%
Net margin7.9%6.5%5.5%6.6%11.4%6.4%0.6%-3.2%
Current ratio1.78×1.79×1.76×1.73×1.07×1.91×2.26×2.38×
Debt / equity0.85×0.8×0.85×0.87×0.72×0.57×0.7×0.63×
Interest coverage5.4×3.65×3.15×4.25×9.38×4.41×1.4×-0.05×
Dividend yield2.7%2.4%3.7%5.8%1.1%1.1%0.2%0.2%
Payout ratio66.3%78.0%116.7%100.0%30.1%44.4%52.6%-10.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.1%8.4%7.3%9.6%15.6%6.8%0.6%-2.4%
Return on invested capital7.6%6.0%5.6%6.5%9.5%5.4%2.0%-0.1%
Return on assets5.2%3.8%3.2%4.2%7.2%3.4%0.3%-1.2%
Free cash flow yield6.9%5.3%10.2%1.5%4.0%6.2%4.6%-0.5%
Earnings yield4.0%3.1%3.2%5.8%3.8%2.4%0.4%-2.3%
Enterprise value€5.6B€5.6B€4.8B€4.1B€7.8B€4.6B€3.1B€2.2B
Net debt / EBITDA2.62×2.77×3.17×3.17×2.17×1.95×3.79×12.08×
Cash conversion cycle (days)9413213116711697219146