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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+436.0%
€549.66
vs €102.55 price
Levered DCF
€832.00
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.12×7.65×9.1×9.72×11.7×20.64×13.64×11.24×
P/B1.51×1.19×1.43×1.41×1.6×1.46×1.88×1.49×
P/S0.44×0.33×0.41×0.42×0.46×0.46×0.53×0.42×
EV / EBITDA4.95×4.6×5.25×5.84×6.28×7.94×7.13×6.69×
Gross margin12.9%83.6%82.4%12.7%11.8%10.4%13.3%82.0%
Operating margin9.8%10.1%10.6%10.5%9.5%7.3%10.4%10.9%
Net margin3.9%4.3%4.5%4.3%3.9%2.3%3.9%3.7%
Current ratio0.95×0.96×1×0.97×1.05×1.04×0.94×0.99×
Debt / equity2.1×2.49×2.48×2.58×2.79×3.09×3.03×3.03×
Interest coverage6.05×5.24×5.77×7.13×6.96×4.38×6.69×4.78×
Dividend yield3.7%5.0%3.8%3.4%3.4%0.0%2.4%2.8%
Payout ratio40.7%37.9%34.6%33.0%39.7%0.0%32.3%31.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.6%15.5%15.7%14.5%13.7%7.1%13.8%13.2%
Return on invested capital6.2%6.4%6.8%6.4%5.5%3.1%5.4%6.3%
Return on assets2.5%2.6%2.7%2.5%2.2%1.1%2.2%2.1%
Free cash flow yield24.8%40.3%31.0%29.1%27.2%22.7%14.3%18.1%
Earnings yield9.0%13.1%11.0%10.3%8.5%4.8%7.3%8.9%
Enterprise value€21.3B€18.6B€20.3B€19.9B€19.3B€18.9B€21.4B€17.8B
Net debt / EBITDA2.31×2.63×2.86×3.28×3.42×4.69×3.84×4.03×
Cash conversion cycle (days)24-276-22958586740-217