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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+213.3%
€127.21
vs €40.60 price
Levered DCF
€138.57
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.34
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E17.92×22.87×32.64×30.1×36.29×47.81×35.12×27.56×
P/B3.72×3.87×4.71×3.87×6.06×7.16×8.37×6.56×
P/S1.5×1.54×2.07×1.77×2.96×3.91×3.98×3.26×
EV / EBITDA7.8×8.95×11.57×10.27×13.47×17.96×16.31×15.24×
Gross margin26.9%80.0%79.7%78.4%79.7%80.3%79.9%79.8%
Operating margin13.3%15.1%9.5%32.7%13.3%12.5%15.7%17.5%
Net margin8.4%6.7%6.3%5.9%8.2%8.1%11.3%11.8%
Current ratio1.19×0.64×0.81×1.25×1.47×1.45×1.8×2.57×
Debt / equity0.9×0.97×0.68×0.63×0.56×0.55×0.52×0×
Interest coverage7.41×8.16×7.81×70.04×21.86×47.74×67.46×273.74×
Dividend yield2.6%2.4%1.5%4.1%2.0%0.0%2.6%3.4%
Payout ratio47.4%55.2%50.5%121.5%73.6%0.0%92.6%94.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity20.8%16.9%14.4%12.9%16.7%14.9%23.8%23.8%
Return on invested capital10.4%12.5%8.1%26.4%10.5%8.8%14.5%23.1%
Return on assets7.6%6.4%6.2%5.9%7.9%7.0%12.6%17.9%
Free cash flow yield9.6%9.4%4.8%5.9%5.2%3.4%3.3%2.8%
Earnings yield5.6%4.4%3.1%3.3%2.8%2.1%2.8%3.6%
Enterprise value€4.3B€4.3B€4.6B€3.6B€5.3B€5.9B€6.3B€4.5B
Net debt / EBITDA1.2×1.64×1.34×1.31×0.73×0.98×0.63×-0.46×
Cash conversion cycle (days)53159149115100118128125