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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+101.8%
€41.97
vs €20.80 price
Levered DCF
€50.36
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.15
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.97×12.71×20.73×23.53×29.81×28.85×28.99×31.41×
P/B2.2×1.75×2.61×3.06×3.5×3.3×3.04×2.51×
P/S1.69×1.58×2.13×1.65×3.7×3.59×3.3×2.82×
EV / EBITDA4.89×2.93×5×6.56×9.92×11.38×11.99×11.64×
Gross margin16.2%33.9%56.8%18.7%34.8%34.8%31.4%63.6%
Operating margin17.4%20.1%17.2%12.4%22.8%22.7%22.1%19.8%
Net margin10.0%12.4%10.3%7.0%12.5%12.5%11.4%8.9%
Current ratio2.78×3.36×2.87×1.92×2.55×1.96×2.27×2.37×
Debt / equity1.77×1.79×1.84×1.82×1.91×2.78×2.81×2.74×
Interest coverage2.24×1.89×1.9×3.64×3.58×3.33×3.75×2.89×
Dividend yield7.6%9.3%6.1%4.9%4.3%4.3%4.4%5.0%
Payout ratio128.1%118.6%127.1%115.8%127.5%124.7%127.4%158.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.0%13.7%12.6%13.0%11.8%11.5%10.5%7.9%
Return on invested capital3.5%3.4%3.5%4.1%4.2%3.9%3.5%2.9%
Return on assets2.4%2.5%2.3%2.5%2.9%2.7%2.4%1.9%
Free cash flow yield-11.3%18.9%10.7%43.5%5.4%9.2%7.2%9.5%
Earnings yield5.9%7.9%4.8%4.3%3.4%3.5%3.4%3.2%
Enterprise value€1.6B€1B€1.7B€2.1B€3.1B€3.5B€3.5B€3.2B
Net debt / EBITDA0.81×-0.03×0.17×0.32×2.73×4.54×5.1×5.4×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5154515361444040