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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+126.2%
€89.20
vs €39.43 price
Levered DCF
€97.14
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.77
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.13×24.13×22.33×13.29×17.26×17.22×16.66×8.85×
P/B0.89×0.89×0.82×0.58×1.2×1.63×1.51×1.36×
P/S0.6×0.67×0.57×0.46×0.95×1.12×1.14×1.06×
EV / EBITDA6.31×7.11×7.43×6.49×8.27×8.18×8.57×5.87×
Gross margin25.6%24.6%25.3%27.4%28.8%31.0%30.9%31.2%
Operating margin9.3%7.2%7.0%7.9%1.7%3.0%4.1%18.4%
Net margin5.0%2.8%2.6%3.5%5.5%6.5%6.9%12.0%
Current ratio1.26×1.4×1.42×1.27×1.1×1.18×1.02×1.25×
Debt / equity0.81×0.75×0.88×0.86×0.95×1×1.04×0.58×
Interest coverage4.74×3.42×3.22×4.27×0.85×1.29×1.45×6.78×
Dividend yield3.6%2.7%3.0%4.4%2.3%1.8%1.8%1.9%
Payout ratio43.2%64.9%65.9%58.7%40.5%30.2%29.6%16.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.3%3.7%3.7%4.4%6.9%9.4%9.1%15.4%
Return on invested capital5.3%3.4%3.3%3.6%0.8%1.4%1.9%11.1%
Return on assets3.2%1.6%1.5%1.9%2.8%3.7%3.6%7.6%
Free cash flow yield14.9%13.0%17.5%16.1%9.8%10.7%1.6%0.0%
Earnings yield8.2%4.2%4.5%7.5%5.8%5.8%6.0%11.3%
Enterprise value€21.1B€22.8B€21.8B€20.9B€28.6B€31.4B€32.7B€22.9B
Net debt / EBITDA2.76×3.07×3.63×3.71×3.43×2.95×3.34×1.38×
Cash conversion cycle (days)9410111210410998108105