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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+36.6%
€18.30
vs €13.40 price
Levered DCF
€5.80
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.14
Grey zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E105.67×45.27×20.53×12.61×21.7×18.05×17.87×15.26×
P/B1.44×1.55×1.76×1.51×2.31×1.61×1.21×1.03×
P/S0.9×1.06×1.28×0.99×1.5×1.09×0.84×1.11×
EV / EBITDA12.14×13.01×11.32×7.96×9.63×8.49×9.3×9.68×
Gross margin46.9%44.7%45.3%44.5%43.0%40.5%41.0%43.4%
Operating margin4.6%3.2%8.8%10.8%11.4%8.8%5.5%8.2%
Net margin0.8%2.3%6.2%7.9%6.9%6.1%4.7%7.3%
Current ratio1.42×1.55×1.71×1.45×1.22×1.27×1.17×3.28×
Debt / equity0.84×0.7×0.7×0.54×0.22×0.27×0.36×0.13×
Interest coverage1.64×1.08×3.13×10.36×14.72×18.49×14.31×25.44×
Dividend yield6.6%5.1%4.5%5.1%2.6%3.7%5.6%4.8%
Payout ratio721.3%233.6%92.7%64.1%56.4%67.6%98.6%72.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity1.3%3.4%8.5%12.0%10.7%8.9%6.8%6.8%
Return on invested capital2.9%2.6%6.0%8.2%8.3%7.3%4.6%5.1%
Return on assets0.6%1.6%4.0%6.2%6.0%5.0%3.8%4.7%
Free cash flow yield5.6%4.9%11.8%-8.8%4.7%13.8%6.1%4.8%
Earnings yield0.9%2.2%4.8%7.9%4.6%5.5%5.6%6.5%
Enterprise value€1.5B€1.7B€1.9B€1.6B€2B€1.4B€1.2B€1.4B
Net debt / EBITDA4.06×3.73×2.68×1.65×0.69×0.9×2.06×0.96×
Cash conversion cycle (days)21921321221015312914573