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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+9.1%
€46.50
vs €42.62 price
Levered DCF
€219.23
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.33
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.24×11.27×7.86×11.7×10.29×12.85×10.82×9.8×
P/B1.69×1.38×1.02×0.98×1×0.75×1.02×0.96×
P/S0.73×0.76×0.4×0.54×0.31×0.28×0.33×0.33×
EV / EBITDA12.02×10.21×9.02×10.34×6.69×5.86×7.12×6.53×
Gross margin93.2%100.0%66.6%53.9%100.0%102.7%100.0%100.0%
Operating margin8.6%97.5%8.7%8.8%97.0%6.7%4.2%6.5%
Net margin5.6%6.7%5.1%4.7%3.0%2.2%3.0%3.4%
Current ratio0.03×0.59×2.29×12.49×51.29×54.45×65.84×71.2×
Debt / equity1.23×1.24×1.25×1.39×0.57×0.45×0.5×0.62×
Interest coverage7.75×46.91×7.96×6.92×126.13×6.27×3.64×4.4×
Dividend yield4.0%4.7%6.1%7.3%7.9%3.5%4.9%5.5%
Payout ratio52.0%53.3%47.9%85.4%81.1%44.9%52.9%54.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.0%12.3%12.9%8.4%9.7%5.8%9.4%9.8%
Return on invested capital5.0%7.1%0.9%0.5%8.6%0.5%0.4%0.5%
Return on assets0.7%0.7%0.7%0.4%0.5%0.3%0.5%0.4%
Free cash flow yield36.0%35.8%5.3%36.1%100.3%84.9%68.5%64.5%
Earnings yield7.7%8.9%12.7%8.6%9.7%7.8%9.3%10.2%
Enterprise value€86.4B€71.2B€58.7B€56.1B€37.4B€27.9B€36.2B€30.5B
Net debt / EBITDA4.49×4.19×4.49×5.54×1.45×1.16×1.44×1.68×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-38441-209-159626500