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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-9.2%
€61.73
vs €68.00 price
Levered DCF
€52.46
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.39
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E22.76×20.79×16.53×16.75×28.29×54.22×-28.62×35.71×
P/B3.84×3.31×2.71×2.95×4.17×2.75×2.55×1.66×
P/S1.72×1.48×1.21×1.3×1.84×1.14×1.09×0.84×
EV / EBITDA11.21×10.77×8.63×9.75×14.48×12.47×14.66×10.8×
Gross margin37.3%35.7%33.9%33.2%33.1%30.6%28.7%29.1%
Operating margin11.6%10.9%9.4%9.0%8.1%6.2%-1.8%5.4%
Net margin7.5%7.1%7.3%7.8%6.5%2.1%-3.8%2.3%
Current ratio1.06×1.06×1.15×1.13×1.24×1.31×1.27×1.38×
Debt / equity0.1×0.12×0.11×0.16×0.21×0.3×0.24×0.13×
Interest coverage27.3×22.99×13.26×18.82×12.99×9.99×-2.69×7.79×
Dividend yield2.0%2.1%2.5%2.4%1.8%2.9%2.9%3.8%
Payout ratio45.2%43.8%41.7%39.8%50.3%158.4%-82.2%135.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity16.9%15.9%16.4%17.6%14.7%5.0%-8.9%4.6%
Return on invested capital12.5%12.6%11.6%11.2%8.8%4.3%-2.3%3.4%
Return on assets6.8%6.4%6.6%6.8%5.2%1.7%-3.3%2.0%
Free cash flow yield5.0%5.9%4.7%4.0%6.4%11.7%6.4%3.2%
Earnings yield4.4%4.8%6.1%6.0%3.5%1.8%-3.5%2.8%
Enterprise value€9.1B€7.7B€6.1B€6.4B€8.2B€5B€5.5B€4.1B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.47×-0.46×-0.52×-0.5×-0.89×-0.61×0.41×0.21×
Cash conversion cycle (days)74828595879099115