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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-95.4%
€3.62
vs €78.05 price
Levered DCF
€26.67
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.27
Distress zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E-15.37×66.72×134.38×-21.43×34.32×32.62×20.97×18.2×
P/B0.83×0.62×0.68×0.74×0.75×0.67×0.75×0.75×
P/S1.44×1.44×1.57×1.8×2.3×2.02×2.68×2.15×
EV / EBITDA46.62×14.13×12.01×26.97×19.39×15.09×14.93×23.18×
Gross margin46.4%45.4%48.2%51.3%47.1%47.4%51.1%51.4%
Operating margin4.5%6.4%13.1%5.0%11.0%17.2%18.4%17.4%
Net margin-9.3%2.2%26.3%-9.6%4.3%6.2%12.8%11.8%
Current ratio3.58×1.95×1.81×1.55×1.96×1.8×1.73×2.35×
Debt / equity0.64×0.59×0.57×0.8×0.43×0.35×0.36×0.23×
Interest coverage0.96×0.99×3.03×2.21×4.83×7.28×9.2×9.67×
Dividend yield6.4%4.0%3.7%3.7%2.5%3.8%3.3%4.0%
Payout ratio-99.0%268.3%22.1%-68.5%136.4%125.0%68.7%72.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity-5.4%0.9%11.5%-4.0%1.4%2.1%3.6%4.1%
Return on invested capital1.2%0.6%2.5%1.0%1.9%3.2%3.2%2.4%
Return on assets-2.5%0.5%6.0%-1.8%0.8%1.3%2.3%2.8%
Free cash flow yield0.7%8.5%5.4%1.6%3.9%6.8%4.5%4.4%
Earnings yield-6.5%1.5%16.7%-5.3%1.9%3.1%4.8%5.5%
Enterprise value€16.4B€15.7B€17.7B€21B€22.2B€18.1B€20.6B€14.6B
Net debt / EBITDA19.34×6.18×5.03×12.9×6.35×4.45×4.21×4.12×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-21909811083648890