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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+47.8%
€4.20
vs €2.84 price
Levered DCF
€3.41
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.2
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E11.26×7.52×7.16×8.02×11.71×-15.8×11.59×11.04×
P/B0.78×0.62×0.92×0.98×1.46×1.5×1.3×1.64×
P/S0.15×0.12×0.16×0.19×0.32×0.3×0.27×0.33×
EV / EBITDA2.9×2.87×3.19×3.59×4.82×7.64×4.96×5.54×
Gross margin14.9%38.3%36.6%36.8%41.5%40.3%41.4%42.1%
Operating margin4.8%4.9%5.5%5.0%5.1%0.4%5.6%6.2%
Net margin1.3%1.6%2.3%2.4%2.7%-1.9%2.3%3.0%
Current ratio1.02×0.99×1.04×1.05×1.16×1.33×1.32×1.29×
Debt / equity1.43×1.52×1.54×1.86×2.17×3.19×1.82×1.68×
Interest coverage2.35×2.6×3.1×3.32×2.71×0.15×2.92×3.62×
Dividend yield6.4%9.0%4.8%2.6%0.2%1.7%3.4%3.0%
Payout ratio73.1%67.6%34.8%20.5%2.0%-27.3%39.7%33.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.9%8.3%12.8%12.2%12.3%-9.5%11.2%14.7%
Return on invested capital6.2%6.2%7.5%5.7%4.8%0.3%6.2%7.4%
Return on assets1.5%1.8%2.8%2.6%2.5%-1.5%2.5%3.3%
Free cash flow yield18.6%8.2%10.5%12.6%8.4%14.2%0.7%-10.3%
Earnings yield8.8%13.3%13.9%12.5%8.4%-6.3%8.6%9.0%
Enterprise value€3.8B€3.7B€4.2B€4.3B€4.9B€4.8B€5.3B€5.2B
Net debt / EBITDA1.58×1.78×1.67×1.87×2.3×4.02×2.64×2.49×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-19-54-44-30-38-31-10-12