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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+176.9%
€508.41
vs €183.60 price
Levered DCF
€666.25
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
12.37
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.03×13.68×22×28.68×22.66×14.78×22.07×17.44×
P/B9.86×10.31×13.17×14.17×12.24×12.02×15.65×13.86×
P/S7.23×7.42×10.36×11.98×9.65×7.41×10.98×10.11×
EV / EBITDA10.13×11.39×17.13×21.56×16.49×11.54×17.2×13.73×
Gross margin64.8%91.5%93.4%95.6%96.0%97.8%97.5%98.8%
Operating margin64.5%58.4%52.3%49.5%52.3%59.7%59.1%67.2%
Net margin51.5%54.2%47.1%41.7%42.6%50.2%49.7%58.1%
Current ratio2×2.04×1.93×1.95×2.39×3.07×2.25×1.97×
Debt / equity0.21×0.03×0.02×0.02×0.02×0.02×0.01×0.01×
Interest coverage0×0×112.72×805.23×1,266.1×1,470.71×3,153.65×5,703.34×
Dividend yield5.0%4.8%2.8%3.3%3.8%5.4%3.9%4.0%
Payout ratio70.2%65.8%62.4%95.0%86.3%79.2%85.1%69.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity70.3%75.4%59.9%49.4%54.0%81.4%70.9%79.6%
Return on invested capital59.6%66.0%54.3%47.0%50.8%76.1%69.5%80.7%
Return on assets39.5%42.7%32.7%26.5%32.5%54.5%41.1%41.2%
Free cash flow yield6.8%7.6%4.0%3.2%6.5%4.8%3.8%7.3%
Earnings yield7.1%7.3%4.5%3.5%4.4%6.8%4.5%5.7%
Enterprise value€5.6B€4.4B€4.2B€3.5B€2.8B€2.8B€3B€2.3B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.4×-0.84×-1.06×-1.3×-1.16×-0.56×-0.96×-1.01×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1107-27-134-261-219-200-355