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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-35.3%
€25.43
vs €39.30 price
Levered DCF
€21.71
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
5.15
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E30.43×32.96×21.63×12.19×32.61×29.52×20.49×13.73×
P/B6.2×6.52×4.7×3.39×13.6×6.89×2.84×1.43×
P/S4.03×4.57×3.36×1.91×6.12×4.2×2.64×1.52×
EV / EBITDA18.56×20.3×14.09×8.32×21.82×19.07×14.04×10.82×
Gross margin64.2%64.3%62.7%59.3%60.9%61.5%60.3%58.3%
Operating margin19.3%20.3%21.9%20.1%26.0%20.5%18.0%15.1%
Net margin13.3%13.8%15.5%15.7%18.8%14.2%13.0%10.9%
Current ratio3.65×4.05×3.99×3.51×2.54×2.8×3.07×2.94×
Debt / equity0.8×0.84×0.73×0.82×0.74×0.89×0.57×0.59×
Interest coverage6.74×8.32×9.74×16.99×17.93×8.91×8.79×3.45×
Dividend yield1.7%1.6%2.4%3.4%0.9%1.6%3.5%3.6%
Payout ratio53.0%52.4%51.4%41.4%28.3%45.9%72.1%49.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity20.4%19.7%21.6%27.8%41.8%23.3%13.9%10.3%
Return on invested capital12.8%11.4%13.7%14.2%21.1%12.2%9.7%9.1%
Return on assets9.7%9.2%10.9%13.0%16.7%9.3%7.9%5.8%
Free cash flow yield2.5%3.2%7.1%6.3%0.9%5.6%6.8%7.7%
Earnings yield3.3%3.0%4.6%8.2%3.1%3.4%4.9%7.2%
Enterprise value€859.4M€858M€542.9M€384.6M€1.1B€489.8M€223.7M€124.2M
Net debt / EBITDA1.25×1.35×0.98×1.18×0.84×1.24×1.78×2.64×
Cash conversion cycle (days)242257214232256155178209