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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+85.9%
€171.81
vs €92.40 price
Levered DCF
€154.87
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.07
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2026FY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019
P/E9.93×9.03×9.02×8×9.41×7.89×7.75×11.27×
P/B0.67×0.65×0.61×0.71×1.15×0.88×0.61×0.59×
P/S0.21×0.2×0.18×0.2×0.32×0.24×0.17×0.17×
EV / EBITDA5.76×4.95×4.56×5.38×5.79×4.79×4.87×5.94×
Gross margin31.5%34.8%33.8%33.4%35.0%35.2%35.8%36.0%
Operating margin3.9%4.3%3.8%4.6%6.1%5.9%4.5%2.8%
Net margin2.2%2.3%2.0%2.5%3.4%3.0%2.2%1.5%
Current ratio1.36×1.5×1.66×1.47×1.6×1.89×2.05×1.54×
Debt / equity0.8×0.81×0.85×1×1.03×1.03×1.15×0.75×
Interest coverage4.31×4.72×4.16×5.76×8.22×7.35×4.34×5.15×
Dividend yield2.8%3.1%3.6%3.1%1.7%1.8%3.0%4.0%
Payout ratio27.7%28.4%32.5%24.4%16.0%14.5%22.9%44.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2026FY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019
Return on equity6.7%7.2%6.8%8.8%12.2%11.2%7.8%5.2%
Return on invested capital4.3%5.1%4.8%5.9%7.9%7.3%4.9%3.6%
Return on assets2.7%3.0%2.8%3.3%4.6%4.1%2.8%2.2%
Free cash flow yield13.1%10.6%25.2%17.7%8.9%14.7%23.8%-19.3%
Earnings yield10.1%11.1%11.1%12.5%10.6%12.7%12.9%8.9%
Enterprise value€2.7B€2.5B€2.3B€2.6B€3.2B€2.4B€2B€1.4B
Net debt / EBITDA2.84×2.48×2.36×2.78×2.43×2.17×2.88×2.72×
Cash conversion cycle (days)7675827182757573