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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-1.8%
€152.21
vs €155.00 price
Levered DCF
€171.53
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.45
Grey zone
Rating
C-
Overall 1 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.42×12.09×7.76×6.31×6.68×-5.8×11.81×9.25×
P/B2.17×1.15×0.87×0.61×0.76×0.92×0.76×0.69×
P/S1.83×1.02×0.71×0.48×0.63×0.69×0.68×0.58×
EV / EBITDA10.44×6.32×4.72×4.67×4.89×-68.05×6.93×6.94×
Gross margin30.9%63.8%61.9%58.9%61.4%62.9%60.2%59.1%
Operating margin13.9%15.1%14.3%11.7%14.0%13.4%11.6%11.1%
Net margin9.0%8.4%9.1%7.6%9.4%-11.9%5.8%6.3%
Current ratio1.24×1.27×1.19×1.16×1.16×1.24×1.13×1.2×
Debt / equity0.45×0.46×0.5×0.43×0.52×0.73×0.69×0.71×
Interest coverage10.94×11.77×13.82×16.37×11.84×10.14×6.9×6.26×
Dividend yield1.5%2.5%3.2%4.6%3.7%1.0%3.2%3.6%
Payout ratio30.3%30.7%25.1%28.7%24.8%-5.7%38.2%33.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.7%9.5%11.2%9.7%11.4%-15.8%6.4%7.4%
Return on invested capital7.3%7.3%7.5%6.9%6.2%8.6%5.1%4.8%
Return on assets5.4%4.8%5.4%4.8%5.2%-6.5%2.8%3.2%
Free cash flow yield4.8%8.9%12.5%10.8%8.3%16.9%11.5%8.6%
Earnings yield4.9%8.3%12.9%15.9%15.0%-17.3%8.5%10.8%
Enterprise value€44.8B€26.9B€20.3B€15.7B€16.6B€19B€21.2B€19B
Net debt / EBITDA1.28×1.26×1.24×1.68×1.44×-24.63×2.71×3.07×
Cash conversion cycle (days)30221311-801713