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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-140.1%
-€3.60
vs €8.98 price
Levered DCF
-€9.70
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.9
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.42×9.17×9.59×10.38×13.44×10.83×10.46×12.97×
P/B2.53×1.79×1.84×1.99×2.59×2.42×2.82×3.06×
P/S2.76×1.75×1.61×1.93×2.33×2.04×2.42×2.52×
EV / EBITDA11.06×8.27×9.07×9.17×9.66×8.54×9.65×9.34×
Gross margin43.6%68.6%62.1%34.2%34.4%38.0%36.5%67.5%
Operating margin32.8%31.1%48.2%24.0%25.1%26.3%25.3%32.3%
Net margin19.2%19.0%16.9%18.7%17.3%18.7%22.9%19.4%
Current ratio0.91×0.73×0.72×1.32×1.57×0.99×0.75×0.84×
Debt / equity2.99×2.92×3.04×3.1×3.37×3.11×3.05×3.03×
Interest coverage4.87×5.33×12.58×8.77×8.26×10.33×6.66×11.4×
Dividend yield3.6%6.8%6.4%6.0%5.0%5.3%4.7%4.1%
Payout ratio51.9%62.6%61.5%62.2%67.0%57.5%49.8%53.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.6%19.5%19.3%19.3%19.2%22.1%26.7%23.6%
Return on invested capital4.8%5.5%9.8%4.0%4.1%4.7%4.4%6.4%
Return on assets3.6%4.0%3.9%3.7%3.6%4.2%5.1%4.6%
Free cash flow yield5.6%4.7%-6.9%-5.4%0.4%0.3%0.6%18.1%
Earnings yield7.0%10.9%10.5%9.7%7.4%9.1%9.5%7.7%
Enterprise value€20.6B€11.2B€10.9B€10.3B€9.9B€8.9B€8.9B€8B
Net debt / EBITDA5.87×5.04×5.57×5.43×4.87×4.52×4.87×4.56×
Cash conversion cycle (days)8854653515458-18