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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+278.2%
€76.02
vs €20.10 price
Levered DCF
€158.27
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.9
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E4.99×11.63×12.97×10.87×6.31×21.02×8.01×12.13×
P/B0.73×1.07×1.07×1.08×1.35×1.41×1.39×1.73×
P/S0.49×0.67×0.61×0.58×0.82×1.05×0.83×0.95×
EV / EBITDA6.89×7.29×6.46×6.21×6.31×7.96×5.47×6.3×
Gross margin17.4%5.7%18.1%27.9%29.6%29.9%30.3%30.5%
Operating margin4.9%6.7%5.4%7.3%15.5%7.4%13.8%11.5%
Net margin9.9%5.4%4.7%5.4%13.0%5.0%10.3%7.9%
Current ratio2.31×1.97×2.02×2.04×1.79×2.16×2.08×2.25×
Debt / equity0.34×0.21×0.33×0.38×0.33×0.51×0.37×0.31×
Interest coverage6.13×22.33×12.32×5.92×19.88×6.14×32.31×27.03×
Dividend yield4.3%3.5%3.3%4.3%1.9%0.0%3.2%2.8%
Payout ratio21.3%42.6%43.3%47.0%12.3%0.0%25.6%34.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.7%8.7%8.2%10.0%21.4%6.7%17.4%14.3%
Return on invested capital4.4%6.2%4.8%6.5%14.1%4.2%12.3%10.2%
Return on assets8.6%5.3%4.7%5.3%11.5%3.4%9.7%7.9%
Free cash flow yield10.8%8.1%18.3%-8.1%-3.0%7.7%6.1%8.2%
Earnings yield20.0%8.1%7.7%9.2%15.9%4.8%12.5%8.3%
Enterprise value€118.9M€143.6M€142.9M€159.1M€165.5M€134.8M€138.7M€145.5M
Net debt / EBITDA0.99×0.53×0.34×1.11×0.49×0.27×0.5×0.25×
Cash conversion cycle (days)185124122152123130111120