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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+61.9%
€58.36
vs €36.05 price
Levered DCF
€65.74
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.31
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.18×9.76×10.85×8.1×18.4×-29.18×15.99×13.69×
P/B0.97×0.76×0.84×0.86×1.1×1.16×1.31×1.37×
P/S0.41×0.31×0.33×0.33×0.5×0.5×0.55×0.57×
EV / EBITDA5.46×4.97×4.43×5.34×5.52×10.85×7.24×7.2×
Gross margin19.5%55.8%54.7%53.5%54.8%54.4%54.2%55.1%
Operating margin7.9%7.4%8.3%9.5%6.6%1.6%6.8%7.9%
Net margin4.0%3.1%3.1%4.0%2.7%-1.7%3.4%4.1%
Current ratio2.04×1.66×1.96×1.82×1.67×1.84×1.79×1.75×
Debt / equity1.04×0.98×1.08×1.06×0.82×1.06×0.94×0.84×
Interest coverage5.39×4.55×7.06×8.75×8.17×1.52×7.46×9.72×
Dividend yield4.2%5.9%3.6%4.8%2.5%2.5%3.9%3.8%
Payout ratio43.3%57.6%38.8%38.7%46.0%-72.7%61.7%51.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.5%7.7%7.7%10.7%6.0%-4.0%8.2%10.0%
Return on invested capital5.9%4.8%5.5%7.0%3.5%-4.7%4.7%5.9%
Return on assets3.5%3.0%2.9%3.9%2.5%-1.6%3.3%4.1%
Free cash flow yield14.3%17.6%25.9%10.5%4.8%13.1%7.3%-1.7%
Earnings yield9.7%10.2%9.2%12.3%5.4%-3.4%6.3%7.3%
Enterprise value€1.3B€1.1B€1.1B€1.2B€1.4B€1.3B€1.5B€1.5B
Net debt / EBITDA2.37×2.52×2.02×2.68×2.04×4.32×2.64×2.39×
Cash conversion cycle (days)135189190216201197206222