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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+292.6%
€29.15
vs €7.43 price
Levered DCF
€16.06
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.91
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.23×25.84×32.14×30.35×53.4×55.17×37.96×26.52×
P/B2.09×2.25×2.55×2.02×2.29×1.89×3.35×2.36×
P/S6.72×8.84×11.52×10.59×13.06×13.04×13.24×9.67×
EV / EBITDA12.7×14.53×17.46×16.83×20.02×20.63×17.23×17.53×
Gross margin98.5%94.9%95.3%94.9%94.2%94.1%91.8%60.1%
Operating margin54.6%53.9%53.0%48.7%45.2%43.8%55.6%52.9%
Net margin33.6%34.2%35.4%34.4%24.4%23.6%35.2%37.2%
Current ratio0.59×0.37×0.39×0.57×0.5×0.75×0.67×1.38×
Debt / equity1.53×1.14×0.99×0.93×0.93×0.84×0.51×0.11×
Interest coverage4.24×4.15×4.49×5.12×3.94×4.46×10.68×182.54×
Dividend yield9.3%4.9%3.0%3.4%2.8%8.1%2.4%3.1%
Payout ratio186.6%127.8%99.0%104.8%149.8%444.7%90.8%81.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.4%8.7%7.8%6.6%4.3%3.4%8.9%9.1%
Return on invested capital5.2%5.1%4.8%4.0%2.8%2.3%6.3%7.9%
Return on assets3.8%3.7%3.6%3.2%2.0%1.7%5.4%7.3%
Free cash flow yield7.1%5.1%4.6%4.8%0.5%4.6%1.8%2.7%
Earnings yield5.0%3.9%3.1%3.2%1.9%1.8%2.7%3.8%
Enterprise value€12.3B€13.7B€15.3B€13.1B€14.3B€12.4B€6B€3.7B
Net debt / EBITDA5.25×4.81×4.81×5.24×5.67×6.2×2.1×0.31×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-6,147-1,397-1,462-1,127-1,331-1,177-1,108-164