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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+23.8%
€26.43
vs €21.35 price
Levered DCF
€26.54
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.47
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E41.46×62.81×8.32×2.14×4.03×28.37×23.36×5.95×
P/B0.81×0.57×0.64×0.59×1.03×0.89×1×1.01×
P/S0.28×0.19×0.19×0.14×0.25×0.23×0.23×0.2×
EV / EBITDA7.62×6.71×5.06×2.34×3.65×7.61×8.63×5.33×
Gross margin21.9%22.4%21.5%25.4%26.7%24.0%23.2%24.7%
Operating margin2.9%2.4%4.6%9.7%8.3%2.1%2.5%5.3%
Net margin0.6%0.3%2.3%6.7%6.1%0.8%1.0%3.3%
Current ratio2.17×2.39×2.39×2.21×2.03×2.37×2.03×1.8×
Debt / equity0.62×0.93×0.98×0.87×1.02×1.43×1.28×0.93×
Interest coverage2.16×1.35×5.47×16.39×13.06×2.07×2.05×5.27×
Dividend yield0.8%1.1%5.4%6.0%1.9%1.4%4.5%4.5%
Payout ratio39.2%66.4%44.7%12.8%7.6%41.2%106.4%26.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity1.6%0.9%7.7%27.7%25.5%3.1%4.3%17.0%
Return on invested capital1.9%1.2%4.9%15.6%13.1%2.3%2.3%9.3%
Return on assets0.7%0.4%2.9%10.4%8.3%0.9%1.3%5.5%
Free cash flow yield12.0%30.9%37.4%3.4%-4.9%35.4%9.2%0.1%
Earnings yield2.0%1.6%12.0%46.8%24.8%3.5%4.3%16.8%
Enterprise value€728.5M€635.3M€723.3M€696.8M€725.6M€498.9M€625.5M€585.5M
Net debt / EBITDA2.24×2.72×2.1×1.05×1.2×2.74×3.6×1.99×
Cash conversion cycle (days)12612512812611710878107