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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+78.1%
€101.89
vs €57.20 price
Levered DCF
€132.89
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.01
Grey zone
Rating
C
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E-54.65×12.89×12.59×13.08×16.84×33.41×16.58×7.38×
P/B2.47×1.67×1.72×2.18×2.4×2.42×2.11×1.57×
P/S0.53×0.63×0.53×0.62×0.7×0.81×0.75×0.52×
EV / EBITDA7.53×6.07×5.77×6.73×7.96×9.96×6.37×5.15×
Gross margin24.4%27.5%26.0%26.7%26.5%27.2%25.5%25.9%
Operating margin5.9%6.3%7.4%7.0%5.1%3.2%6.2%7.0%
Net margin-1.0%4.9%4.2%4.7%4.2%2.4%4.6%7.1%
Current ratio1.32×1.68×1.3×1.61×1.6×1.5×3.02×2.43×
Debt / equity2.14×0.81×0.84×0.77×0.92×1.19×0.57×0.6×
Interest coverage2.17×3.38×3.72×11.18×7×3.05×10.63×6.1×
Dividend yield2.8%3.3%3.2%2.0%2.0%0.0%2.9%1.9%
Payout ratio-152.0%42.5%39.9%26.1%34.0%0.0%48.9%13.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity-4.5%13.0%13.7%16.6%14.3%7.3%12.7%21.2%
Return on invested capital1.8%6.9%8.7%8.6%6.8%3.4%6.9%10.8%
Return on assets-0.9%5.2%5.2%6.0%4.5%2.1%5.3%8.6%
Free cash flow yield13.5%17.0%17.0%3.0%4.5%-22.9%10.8%9.7%
Earnings yield-1.8%7.8%7.9%7.6%5.9%3.0%6.0%13.5%
Enterprise value€1.3B€865.5M€890.6M€980.6M€931.2M€849.3M€601.7M€479.7M
Net debt / EBITDA2.95×1.31×1.5×1.35×1.66×2.43×0.49×0.91×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6565827770637473