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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+15.4%
€131.38
vs €113.85 price
Levered DCF
€256.28
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.24
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.79×8.95×7.3×8.75×12.27×17.15×11.21×9.2×
P/B1.58×1.23×1×1.15×1.36×1.11×1.38×1.2×
P/S1.88×1.18×0.96×1.55×3.37×2.66×2.73×2.39×
EV / EBITDA7.39×2.49×3.32×-1.84×2.8×7.46×10.74×5.94×
Gross margin51.9%44.0%42.3%62.4%80.0%79.9%74.3%75.2%
Operating margin19.5%15.6%16.4%21.6%36.6%20.6%30.5%33.5%
Net margin15.2%13.5%13.4%17.5%28.0%16.1%24.3%26.0%
Current ratio0.15×0.2×0.15×0.21×0.18×0.11×0.05×0.11×
Debt / equity0.98×1.15×1.08×0.87×0.87×0.88×0.91×0.88×
Interest coverage0.41×0.28×0.28×0.58×1.83×1.03×1.19×1.35×
Dividend yield3.7%6.5%6.8%14.3%4.6%0.0%5.2%5.3%
Payout ratio46.1%56.9%48.9%127.2%54.8%0.0%58.5%48.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.8%14.0%14.0%12.9%11.3%6.7%12.3%13.1%
Return on invested capital2.9%2.9%3.5%3.0%2.8%1.6%2.9%3.1%
Return on assets0.9%0.9%1.0%0.8%0.8%0.4%0.9%0.9%
Free cash flow yield6.4%28.4%-88.4%39.4%41.7%106.5%-13.1%-37.6%
Earnings yield8.1%11.5%14.0%11.2%8.3%6.0%8.9%10.9%
Enterprise value€37.5B€10.9B€16B-€7.4B€10.9B€18.2B€38B€22.1B
Net debt / EBITDA-1.31×-4.29×-1.72×-8.07×-5.28×-2.33×2.85×-0.41×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1423864827069156