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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-50.5%
€45.53
vs €91.90 price
Levered DCF
€56.40
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
42.88
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.23×14.24×9.14×10.79×3.41×5.32×38.82×12.36×
P/B1.76×1.27×0.97×0.93×0.8×0.85×0.85×1.14×
P/S15.93×13.93×8.9×10.37×3.33×82.47×52,867.83×68,906.26×
EV / EBITDA1,568.3×14.38×9.28×11.04×3.54×5.7×35.21×0×
Gross margin99.1%99.0%99.2%99.1%99.7%93.0%-4900.8%-5421.4%
Operating margin99.1%99.0%99.2%99.0%99.6%93.0%-4900.8%-5421.4%
Net margin98.1%97.7%97.4%96.1%97.9%1550.5%135679.5%557408.0%
Current ratio0×52.81×0×22.5×0.52×383.26×0×0×
Debt / equity0.03×0.03×0.03×0.05×0.07×0.1×0.12×0.12×
Interest coverage96.09×74.08×55.26×34.37×60.09×2.3×-0.15×-0.16×
Dividend yield5.3%6.0%9.4%7.9%25.1%0.6%0.0%7.7%
Payout ratio85.4%85.7%85.5%85.3%85.5%3.0%0.0%95.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.9%8.9%10.6%8.6%23.5%16.0%2.2%9.2%
Return on invested capital0.0%8.8%10.4%8.4%23219.0%0.8%-69.8%0.0%
Return on assets10.6%8.7%10.2%8.2%21.9%14.5%1.9%8.2%
Free cash flow yield6.2%7.1%11.3%9.1%29.4%0.6%2.6%0.0%
Earnings yield6.2%7.0%10.9%9.3%29.4%18.8%2.6%8.1%
Enterprise value€6.4B€4.6B€3.5B€3.4B€2.9B€3.1B€2.7B€3.5B
Net debt / EBITDA24.3×0.31×0.31×0.56×0.2×0.51×3.73×0×
Cash conversion cycle (days)0-23-21-24-20-265469