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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-49.9%
€45.46
vs €90.65 price
Levered DCF
€58.58
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.33
Safe zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E28.75×25.4×17.14×16.79×22.57×36.38×24.86×21.46×
P/B5.29×3.72×3.34×3.21×6.02×9.83×8.2×8.48×
P/S2.1×1.44×1.2×1.15×2.09×2.92×2.11×1.92×
EV / EBITDA14.09×11.81×9.07×9.19×12.11×17.59×12.81×11.79×
Gross margin21.7%53.7%50.7%49.2%51.5%53.0%51.7%51.1%
Operating margin11.3%11.1%11.2%10.8%13.9%13.5%15.3%14.8%
Net margin6.8%5.6%7.0%6.8%9.3%8.0%8.5%9.0%
Current ratio1.87×1.63×1.75×1.65×1.46×1.32×1.68×1.76×
Debt / equity0.99×1.32×0.97×1.05×0.92×1.63×1.42×1.45×
Interest coverage8.09×8.16×8.8×16.38×17.67×19.71×20.99×32.68×
Dividend yield1.7%2.3%2.5%3.6%1.7%1.6%1.9%6.8%
Payout ratio52.8%59.3%42.3%61.0%39.4%58.6%47.9%147.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.2%14.6%19.5%19.1%26.7%27.1%33.0%39.5%
Return on invested capital8.6%8.3%10.1%9.5%12.8%10.3%14.2%17.9%
Return on assets5.8%4.6%6.7%6.1%8.6%6.7%8.6%9.5%
Free cash flow yield5.1%6.2%5.7%2.3%4.1%3.7%4.6%3.2%
Earnings yield3.3%3.9%5.8%5.9%4.4%2.8%4.0%4.7%
Enterprise value€17.8B€13.1B€10.9B€9.6B€14.8B€18.7B€15.3B€13.1B
Net debt / EBITDA1.07×1.6×1.22×1.28×0.63×0.66×0.55×0.37×
Cash conversion cycle (days)6780617359555561