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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-425.3%
-€2,179.44
vs €670.05 price
Levered DCF
-€1,352.94
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.69
Safe zone
Rating
A+
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E48.57×54.03×57.77×36.83×28.44×23.82×23.35×0.32×
P/B7.83×1.39×1.33×5.92×0.75×0.48×0.44×39.36×
P/S4.89×5.33×5.42×3.73×2.87×1.88×1.84×2.51×
EV / EBITDA35.07×31.93×43.43×29.52×24.14×0.14×1.25×10.8×
Gross margin22.9%22.1%19.9%20.4%20.1%21.6%17.9%18.5%
Operating margin11.6%11.1%10.7%10.9%10.7%10.2%8.1%7.9%
Net margin10.1%9.8%9.3%10.1%10.0%7.8%7.8%6.6%
Current ratio2.03×1.97×0.18×2.03×0.17×2.13×2.06×0.14×
Debt / equity0×0.05×0.05×0.39×0.12×0.16×0.15×8.75×
Interest coverage208.08×174.45×53.79×45.03×45.01×67.79×19.61×39.82×
Dividend yield0.5%3.0%2.6%2.7%1.4%6.0%1.9%3.8%
Payout ratio25.7%164.0%150.7%101.8%40.9%144.4%44.3%143.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity16.1%2.6%2.3%16.0%2.6%2.0%1.9%103.9%
Return on invested capital13.2%1.2%-3.0%1.0%-2.6%0.5%0.6%17.1%
Return on assets9.7%1.0%10.1%0.8%9.3%0.5%0.5%0.4%
Free cash flow yield-0.0%8.8%13.1%-13.0%17.8%40.0%18.2%-6.2%
Earnings yield2.1%1.8%1.7%2.7%3.5%4.2%4.3%2.6%
Enterprise value€129.8B€107B€125.1B€71.8B€48.8B€231.5M€9.2B€13.5B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.44×-8.23×1.32×1.68×3.01×-13.64×-1.96×-10.86×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1801,591-393-517-511-603839-634