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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+18.9%
€24.16
vs €20.32 price
Levered DCF
€16.14
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.53
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.94×13.19×17.51×-76.8×19.45×21.97×29.12×22.16×
P/B1.89×1.89×2.26×1.54×2.23×3.04×3.86×2.8×
P/S0.87×0.71×1.11×0.89×0.7×0.98×1.28×1.01×
EV / EBITDA11.46×7.53×9.59×10.54×9.58×9.74×13.14×10.41×
Gross margin12.0%22.7%21.1%16.8%19.7%15.9%15.8%16.9%
Operating margin4.3%6.8%7.1%1.3%4.7%5.5%5.5%6.2%
Net margin8.8%5.4%6.3%-1.2%3.6%4.4%4.4%4.5%
Current ratio1.39×1.5×1.39×1.86×1.43×1.53×1.51×1.59×
Debt / equity0.69×0.97×0.44×0.57×0.91×0.82×0.95×0.36×
Interest coverage2.35×3.51×4.73×1.26×5.86×6.23×6.86×9.98×
Dividend yield2.6%2.6%4.7%2.3%2.1%0.0%0.7%0.8%
Payout ratio26.1%34.0%81.6%-173.5%39.7%0.0%21.5%18.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity19.0%14.3%12.9%-2.0%11.5%13.8%13.2%12.6%
Return on invested capital4.9%8.4%8.9%1.4%6.5%7.4%7.0%9.8%
Return on assets7.7%5.0%5.7%-0.9%3.6%4.5%4.0%5.3%
Free cash flow yield4.6%2.3%4.7%0.4%5.2%8.7%3.9%1.0%
Earnings yield10.1%7.6%5.7%-1.3%5.2%4.5%3.4%4.5%
Enterprise value€1.6B€1.5B€1.3B€905.9M€1B€1.3B€1.5B€953.2M
Net debt / EBITDA1.7×1.51×-0.5×-0.83×0.83×0.39×0.41×-0.49×
Cash conversion cycle (days)101101607259566465