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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-99.4%
€0.32
vs €51.38 price
Levered DCF
€43.05
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.6
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E23.19×13.87×13.11×5.01×6.18×14.07×7.31×8.63×
P/B2.97×1.66×1.1×0.65×0.56×0.65×1.13×0.98×
P/S1.45×0.84×0.56×0.32×0.26×0.25×0.44×0.36×
EV / EBITDA11.8×7.19×6.5×4.29×4.76×5.95×6.06×5.64×
Gross margin8.8%8.2%8.0%8.3%7.4%7.7%8.7%7.5%
Operating margin6.4%6.5%5.7%5.8%5.9%4.8%6.9%5.0%
Net margin6.3%6.0%4.3%6.3%4.1%1.8%6.0%4.2%
Current ratio0.98×0.96×0.96×0.96×1×0.95×0.94×0.89×
Debt / equity0.47×0.52×0.63×0.64×0.88×1.08×0.94×0.86×
Interest coverage6.14×4.3×2.76×3.21×4.24×2.76×3.29×2.11×
Dividend yield1.1%1.2%0.9%1.7%0.0%2.4%1.3%1.8%
Payout ratio24.5%16.5%12.3%8.5%0.0%33.2%9.7%15.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.8%11.9%8.4%12.9%9.1%4.6%15.4%11.3%
Return on invested capital5.7%5.3%4.7%5.6%4.5%5.1%6.7%4.6%
Return on assets3.5%3.2%2.1%3.2%2.1%0.9%3.1%2.0%
Free cash flow yield3.4%4.3%4.7%11.3%5.2%-1.1%0.8%2.5%
Earnings yield4.3%7.2%7.7%20.0%16.2%7.1%13.7%11.5%
Enterprise value€29.6B€17.1B€11.1B€7.7B€6.8B€6.9B€9.1B€6.2B
Net debt / EBITDA0.5×0.9×1.47×1.72×2.23×3.01×2.04×1.65×
Cash conversion cycle (days)207234249243246246227183