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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+200.4%
€46.33
vs €15.42 price
Levered DCF
€40.13
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.21
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.17×8.3×18.75×7.51×12.82×13.44×13.39×10.44×
P/B0.97×0.86×1.35×1.34×2.07×1.99×1.61×1.35×
P/S0.45×0.44×0.57×0.52×0.74×0.67×0.56×0.43×
EV / EBITDA4.96×4.71×7.81×4.99×7.37×7.48×6.27×5.16×
Gross margin40.1%39.8%38.2%36.4%38.9%38.4%36.9%37.5%
Operating margin8.1%7.8%5.5%7.0%7.5%6.4%6.4%6.4%
Net margin4.4%5.3%3.0%7.0%5.8%5.0%4.2%4.1%
Current ratio1.17×1.22×1.14×1.43×1.32×1.49×1.47×1.51×
Debt / equity0.59×0.49×0.79×0.7×0.82×1.05×0.67×0.62×
Interest coverage5.61×3.85×4.45×8.66×10.94×6.93×9.78×8.72×
Dividend yield7.9%8.1%5.5%4.6%6.8%0.4%4.7%6.2%
Payout ratio79.9%67.4%103.4%34.8%87.2%5.2%62.6%65.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.5%10.4%7.2%17.9%16.2%14.8%12.0%12.9%
Return on invested capital7.6%7.2%4.9%7.2%7.6%7.2%6.7%7.2%
Return on assets3.8%4.3%2.5%6.3%4.8%4.2%3.9%4.3%
Free cash flow yield15.5%15.2%15.4%6.2%11.5%18.2%14.6%10.8%
Earnings yield9.8%12.0%5.3%13.3%7.8%7.5%7.5%9.6%
Enterprise value€3.5B€3.6B€4.9B€5.3B€6.3B€5.6B€4.1B€3.3B
Net debt / EBITDA1.34×1.19×1.72×1.28×1.36×1.69×0.94×0.91×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1366616545455867